UPay has compared cryptocurrency taxation across jurisdictions, emphasizing that tax residence and the nature of an activity matter more than the location of an exchange account. Its article is dated July 2, 2026, but much of the country table is presented as 2025 information.

The comparison covers the United Arab Emirates, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, El Salvador, Singapore, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Malta and Hong Kong. It groups different legal approaches under a low-tax theme, although exemptions for private investment gains are not equivalent to exemptions for trading businesses, mining, staking or payment for work.

Singapore illustrates that distinction. IRAS guidance says businesses accepting digital tokens as revenue remain subject to normal income tax rules, and profits from trading tokens in the ordinary course of business are taxable. Capital gains are not taxed, but classifying a disposal depends on its circumstances, including purpose, transaction frequency and holding period.

The UPay guide also distinguishes disposals from transfers between a person’s own wallets and discusses crypto received as compensation, mining or staking rewards. It notes that gifts can have separate tax consequences. These distinctions require jurisdiction-specific treatment rather than one rule applied to every transaction.

For U.S. citizens and resident aliens abroad, the Internal Revenue Service states that worldwide income remains subject to U.S. income tax rules regardless of where it is earned or where the taxpayer lives. Moving abroad or using an offshore exchange therefore does not by itself remove filing obligations, even when exclusions or credits reduce tax due.

Reporting is also separate from the eventual tax charge. Contrary to the source’s description of worldwide exchange beginning in 2026, the OECD’s implementation announcement says first exchanges under the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework are expected to begin in 2027. CARF concerns information exchange; it does not establish a universal crypto tax rate.

UPay’s practical recordkeeping points include preserving acquisition dates, cost basis, transaction histories and evidence of tax residence. For businesses paying or receiving digital assets, those records connect the underlying commercial activity with the value and timing of the token transaction.

The comparison is most useful as a set of issues to examine—residence, investment versus business activity, disposal rules and reporting—rather than a blanket assurance of zero tax. Its estimated relocation costs and potential savings do not establish what any particular individual or company would owe.